Home Affordability Calculator
Estimated Buying Power
Monthly P&I Payment:
Total Monthly Payment:
Recommended Loan:
Debt-to-Income Ratio: 36% (Standard)
Understanding Home Affordability: How Much House Can You Buy?
Determining your home buying budget is the most critical step in the real estate journey. While a bank might pre-approve you for a certain amount, understanding the math behind home affordability ensures you don't become "house poor"—spending so much on your mortgage that you cannot afford other life expenses.
The 28/36 Rule Explained
Financial advisors and lenders often use the 28/36 rule to determine a borrower's capacity. This rule suggests that:
- Housing Expenses (28%): Your total monthly housing costs (principal, interest, taxes, and insurance) should not exceed 28% of your gross monthly income.
- Total Debt (36%): Your total debt obligations, including your mortgage, car loans, student loans, and credit card payments, should not exceed 36% of your gross monthly income.
Our calculator uses the conservative 36% Debt-to-Income (DTI) limit to provide a safe estimate of your purchasing power.
Key Factors Impacting Your Results
Several variables change the "sticker price" of the home you can afford, even if your income remains the same:
- Interest Rates: A 1% increase in interest rates can reduce your buying power by approximately 10%. Lower rates allow more of your monthly payment to go toward the principal balance.
- The Down Payment: The more cash you bring to the closing table, the lower your loan-to-value ratio. This results in smaller monthly payments and can eliminate the need for Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI).
- Existing Debt: Since lenders look at your total debt-to-income ratio, a high car payment or significant student loan balance directly reduces the amount a bank will lend you for a home.
Real-World Example
Imagine a household with an annual gross income of $100,000. Their monthly gross income is $8,333. Based on the 36% rule, their total allowable debt is $3,000 per month.
If they have a $400 monthly car payment and $100 in student loans, they have $2,500 remaining for their mortgage, taxes, and insurance. If property taxes and insurance cost $500 monthly, they have $2,000 left for the Principal and Interest (P&I) payment. At a 6.5% interest rate on a 30-year term, that $2,000 payment supports a loan of approximately $316,000. With a $50,000 down payment, their total home affordability is $366,000.
Tips for Increasing Your Budget
If the calculator results are lower than expected, consider these strategies:
- Pay down high-interest debt: Reducing your monthly debt obligations directly increases your DTI headroom.
- Improve your credit score: A higher credit score qualifies you for lower interest rates, making expensive homes more affordable.
- Increase your down payment: Saving for a few more months can significantly lower your monthly commitment.