Ground Wire Sizing Calculator

Ground Wire Sizing Calculator

Based on NEC Table 250.122 standards

Enter the rating of the fuse or circuit breaker protecting the circuit.
Copper (Cu) Aluminum / Copper-Clad Aluminum (Al)

Required Ground Wire Size:

Understanding Ground Wire Sizing (NEC 250.122)

Correctly sizing the equipment grounding conductor (EGC) is critical for electrical safety. In the event of a ground fault, the ground wire provides a low-impedance path back to the source, ensuring that the circuit breaker trips quickly.

How Sizing is Determined

Unlike service grounding, which is based on the size of the service entrance conductors, Equipment Grounding Conductors (conductors run with the branch circuit or feeder) are sized based on the rating of the overcurrent protective device (circuit breaker or fuse) protecting that circuit.

Key Rules for EGC Sizing:

  • Material Type: Aluminum ground wires typically need to be larger than copper wires for the same ampacity due to lower conductivity.
  • Multiple Conductors: If you have multiple circuits in the same raceway, the ground wire is sized based on the largest overcurrent device in that conduit.
  • Voltage Drop: If the phase conductors are increased in size to account for voltage drop, the ground wire must be increased proportionately.

Practical Examples (Copper):

  • 15 Amp Circuit: Minimum 14 AWG Copper.
  • 100 Amp Circuit: Minimum 8 AWG Copper.
  • 400 Amp Circuit: Minimum 3 AWG Copper.
function calculateGroundWire() { var rating = parseFloat(document.getElementById('ocpdRating').value); var material = document.getElementById('wireMaterial').value; var resultDiv = document.getElementById('resultArea'); var groundResult = document.getElementById('groundResult'); var resultDetails = document.getElementById('resultDetails'); if (isNaN(rating) || rating <= 0) { alert("Please enter a valid OCPD rating."); return; } var size = ""; var tableCu = [ { limit: 15, size: "14 AWG" }, { limit: 20, size: "12 AWG" }, { limit: 60, size: "10 AWG" }, { limit: 100, size: "8 AWG" }, { limit: 200, size: "6 AWG" }, { limit: 300, size: "4 AWG" }, { limit: 400, size: "3 AWG" }, { limit: 500, size: "2 AWG" }, { limit: 600, size: "1 AWG" }, { limit: 800, size: "1/0 AWG" }, { limit: 1000, size: "2/0 AWG" }, { limit: 1200, size: "3/0 AWG" }, { limit: 1600, size: "4/0 AWG" }, { limit: 2000, size: "250 kcmil" }, { limit: 2500, size: "350 kcmil" }, { limit: 3000, size: "400 kcmil" }, { limit: 4000, size: "500 kcmil" }, { limit: 5000, size: "700 kcmil" }, { limit: 6000, size: "800 kcmil" } ]; var tableAl = [ { limit: 15, size: "12 AWG" }, { limit: 20, size: "10 AWG" }, { limit: 60, size: "8 AWG" }, { limit: 100, size: "6 AWG" }, { limit: 200, size: "4 AWG" }, { limit: 300, size: "2 AWG" }, { limit: 400, size: "1 AWG" }, { limit: 500, size: "1/0 AWG" }, { limit: 600, size: "2/0 AWG" }, { limit: 800, size: "3/0 AWG" }, { limit: 1000, size: "4/0 AWG" }, { limit: 1200, size: "250 kcmil" }, { limit: 1600, size: "350 kcmil" }, { limit: 2000, size: "400 kcmil" }, { limit: 2500, size: "600 kcmil" }, { limit: 3000, size: "600 kcmil" }, { limit: 4000, size: "800 kcmil" }, { limit: 5000, size: "1200 kcmil" }, { limit: 6000, size: "1200 kcmil" } ]; var selectedTable = (material === 'copper') ? tableCu : tableAl; var found = false; for (var i = 0; i < selectedTable.length; i++) { if (rating <= selectedTable[i].limit) { size = selectedTable[i].size; found = true; break; } } if (!found) { size = "Check NEC Table 250.122"; resultDetails.innerHTML = "Rating exceeds standard table values. Consult a licensed engineer."; } else { resultDetails.innerHTML = "Minimum size for " + rating + "A " + material + " conductor according to NEC Table 250.122."; } groundResult.innerHTML = size; resultDiv.style.display = 'block'; }

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