Proving Trig Identities Calculator

Trigonometric Identity Verifier

This tool helps you numerically verify trigonometric identities by evaluating both sides of a proposed identity at a specific angle. While numerical verification can indicate if an identity *might* be true or if it's definitely false for a given angle, it does not constitute a formal mathematical proof. A true proof requires symbolic manipulation using known identities and algebraic rules.



Degrees Radians


Use 'x' for the angle. Functions: sin(x), cos(x), tan(x), asin(x), acos(x), atan(x). Powers: pow(base, exponent). Square root: sqrt(x). Constants: PI, E.


Use 'x' for the angle. Functions: sin(x), cos(x), tan(x), asin(x), acos(x), atan(x). Powers: pow(base, exponent). Square root: sqrt(x). Constants: PI, E.

Understanding Trigonometric Identities

Trigonometric identities are equations involving trigonometric functions that are true for every value of the occurring variables for which both sides of the equation are defined. They are fundamental in trigonometry and calculus, used for simplifying expressions, solving equations, and proving other mathematical statements.

Common examples include the Pythagorean identities (e.g., sin²(x) + cos²(x) = 1), sum and difference identities, double-angle identities, and half-angle identities.

How to Prove a Trigonometric Identity

Proving a trigonometric identity typically involves starting with one side of the equation (usually the more complex side) and using known identities, algebraic manipulations (like factoring, expanding, finding common denominators), and basic arithmetic to transform it into the other side. The goal is to show that both sides are equivalent for all valid input values.

Key strategies for proving identities:

  • Start with the more complicated side: It's usually easier to simplify a complex expression than to complicate a simple one.
  • Convert to sines and cosines: Often, expressing all functions in terms of sine and cosine can reveal simplification opportunities.
  • Look for algebraic manipulations: Factoring, distributing, combining fractions, or multiplying by conjugates can be useful.
  • Use known identities: Substitute one form of an identity for another (e.g., replace 1 with sin²(x) + cos²(x)).
  • Work on both sides independently: Sometimes, simplifying both sides to a common expression is the most efficient path.

Using the Trigonometric Identity Verifier

This calculator provides a numerical check for trigonometric identities. You input an angle and two expressions (representing the left and right sides of a potential identity). The tool then evaluates both expressions at the given angle and compares their results.

Important Note: If the expressions yield approximately equal values for a specific angle, it suggests the identity *might* be true, but it does not constitute a formal proof. An identity must hold true for *all* valid angles. Conversely, if the expressions yield different values, it definitively proves that the proposed statement is *not* an identity.

Input Guidelines:

  • Angle Value: Enter the numerical value of the angle.
  • Angle Unit: Select whether your angle is in Degrees or Radians.
  • Left/Right Side Expression: Enter your trigonometric expressions.
    • Use x as the variable for the angle.
    • Standard trigonometric functions: sin(x), cos(x), tan(x), asin(x), acos(x), atan(x).
    • For powers (e.g., sin²(x)), use pow(base, exponent). For example, pow(sin(x), 2).
    • For square roots, use sqrt(x).
    • Constants: PI (for π), E (for Euler's number).
    • Standard arithmetic operations: +, -, *, /, ().

Examples of Verification:

Example 1: Pythagorean Identity (sin²(x) + cos²(x) = 1)

  • Angle Value: 30
  • Angle Unit: Degrees
  • Left Side Expression: pow(sin(x), 2) + pow(cos(x), 2)
  • Right Side Expression: 1
  • Expected Result: Both sides evaluate to 1, indicating they are approximately equal.

Example 2: Double Angle Identity (sin(2x) = 2sin(x)cos(x))

  • Angle Value: 60
  • Angle Unit: Degrees
  • Left Side Expression: sin(2*x)
  • Right Side Expression: 2 * sin(x) * cos(x)
  • Expected Result: Both sides evaluate to approximately 0.866, indicating they are approximately equal.

Example 3: A Non-Identity (sin(x) + cos(x) = 1)

  • Angle Value: 45
  • Angle Unit: Degrees
  • Left Side Expression: sin(x) + cos(x)
  • Right Side Expression: 1
  • Expected Result: Left side evaluates to approx 1.414, Right side to 1. They are NOT equal, proving it's not an identity.

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var sin = Math.sin; var cos = Math.cos; var tan = Math.tan; var asin = Math.asin; var acos = Math.acos; var atan = Math.atan; var PI = Math.PI; var E = Math.E; var pow = Math.pow; // For x^y var sqrt = Math.sqrt; // For sqrt(x) var abs = Math.abs; // For absolute value var log = Math.log; // Natural logarithm var log10 = Math.log10; // Base 10 logarithm var exp = Math.exp; // e^x var round = Math.round; var floor = Math.floor; var ceil = Math.ceil; try { // Use a Function constructor to create a sandboxed environment for evaluation. // This is safer than direct eval() but still requires careful input handling // for production environments where arbitrary user input is allowed. var result = (new Function('x', 'sin', 'cos', 'tan', 'asin', 'acos', 'atan', 'PI', 'E', 'pow', 'sqrt', 'abs', 'log', 'log10', 'exp', 'round', 'floor', 'ceil', 'return ' + expression))(x, sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, PI, E, pow, sqrt, abs, log, log10, exp, round, floor, ceil); return result; } catch (e) { return NaN; // Indicate an error in expression } } function verifyIdentity() { var angleValueInput = document.getElementById("angleValue").value; var angleUnit = document.getElementById("angleUnit").value; var leftExpression = document.getElementById("leftExpression").value; var rightExpression = document.getElementById("rightExpression").value; var resultDiv = document.getElementById("result"); resultDiv.innerHTML = ""; // Clear previous results var angle = parseFloat(angleValueInput); if (isNaN(angle)) { resultDiv.innerHTML = "Please enter a valid number for the Angle Value."; return; } var angleRad; if (angleUnit === "degrees") { angleRad = angle * (Math.PI / 180); } else { // radians angleRad = angle; } var leftResult = evaluateExpression(leftExpression, angleRad); var rightResult = evaluateExpression(rightExpression, angleRad); if (isNaN(leftResult) || isNaN(rightResult)) { var errorMessage = "Error: One or both expressions are invalid or resulted in an undefined value (e.g., division by zero, invalid function argument)."; if (isNaN(leftResult) && isNaN(rightResult)) { errorMessage += "Please check both expressions."; } else if (isNaN(leftResult)) { errorMessage += "Please check the Left Side Expression."; } else { errorMessage += "Please check the Right Side Expression."; } resultDiv.innerHTML = errorMessage; return; } var tolerance = 1e-9; // For floating point comparison var output = "Angle: " + angleValueInput + " " + angleUnit + ""; output += "Left Side Expression: " + leftExpression + ""; output += "Evaluated Left Side: " + leftResult.toFixed(10) + ""; output += "Right Side Expression: " + rightExpression + ""; output += "Evaluated Right Side: " + rightResult.toFixed(10) + ""; if (Math.abs(leftResult – rightResult) < tolerance) { output += "Verification Result: Expressions are approximately equal for this angle."; output += "This suggests the identity might be true, but it is not a formal proof."; } else { output += "Verification Result: Expressions are NOT equal for this angle."; output += "This indicates that the proposed statement is NOT an identity."; } resultDiv.innerHTML = output; }

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