Calculating Fault Current

Fault Current Calculator

Determine Transformer Short-Circuit Current (Isc)

208V 240V 480V 600V 415V
3-Phase 1-Phase
Estimated Fault Current (Isc)
0 Amps
Full Load Amps (FLA)
0 A
Multiplier (1/Z)
0

What is Fault Current?

Fault current is the maximum amount of electrical current that can flow through an electrical system during a short-circuit condition. Calculating the available fault current is a critical step in electrical engineering to ensure that circuit breakers and fuses have an adequate Ampere Interrupting Capacity (AIC) rating.

The "Infinite Bus" Calculation Method

This calculator uses the transformer impedance method, often called the "Infinite Bus" method. It assumes that the primary side of the transformer has unlimited capacity. While conservative, this provides a safe "worst-case" scenario for selecting protective devices.

Mathematical Formula

1. FLA (3-Phase) = (kVA × 1000) / (V × 1.732)
2. Isc = FLA / (Z% / 100)

Example Calculation

Suppose you have a 500 kVA 3-phase transformer with a 480V secondary and 5.75% impedance:

  • Step 1: Calculate FLA. (500,000) / (480 × 1.732) = 601.4 Amps.
  • Step 2: Calculate Isc. 601.4 / 0.0575 = 10,459 Amps.
  • Result: Your circuit breakers must be rated for at least 11kA (14kA or 18kA are standard industry sizes).
function calculateFaultCurrent() { var kva = parseFloat(document.getElementById('kvaInput').value); var volts = parseFloat(document.getElementById('voltageInput').value); var impedance = parseFloat(document.getElementById('impedanceInput').value); var phase = parseFloat(document.getElementById('phaseInput').value); if (!kva || !volts || !impedance || kva <= 0 || impedance <= 0) { alert("Please enter valid positive numbers for kVA and Impedance."); return; } var fla; if (phase === 3) { // 3-Phase FLA calculation: (kVA * 1000) / (V * sqrt(3)) fla = (kva * 1000) / (volts * 1.73205); } else { // 1-Phase FLA calculation: (kVA * 1000) / V fla = (kva * 1000) / volts; } // Short Circuit Current = FLA / Z_per_unit var zDecimal = impedance / 100; var multiplier = 1 / zDecimal; var isc = fla / zDecimal; // Display results document.getElementById('resultsArea').style.display = 'block'; document.getElementById('flaResult').innerHTML = fla.toLocaleString(undefined, {maximumFractionDigits: 2}) + " A"; document.getElementById('multiplierResult').innerHTML = multiplier.toFixed(2); document.getElementById('faultResult').innerHTML = Math.round(isc).toLocaleString() + " Amps"; // Auto-scroll to results for mobile document.getElementById('resultsArea').scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth', block: 'nearest' }); }

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