Use this calculator to estimate the NMFC freight class of your shipment based on its dimensions and weight. Freight class is a standardized classification system for commodities transported by Less-Than-Truckload (LTL) carriers, primarily determined by density, but also considering stowability, handling, and liability.
Understanding Freight Class
Freight class, established by the National Motor Freight Traffic Association (NMFTA) and defined in the National Motor Freight Classification (NMFC) tariff, is a crucial factor in determining LTL shipping costs. There are 18 freight classes, ranging from Class 50 (least expensive to ship) to Class 500 (most expensive to ship).
Why is Freight Class Important?
Cost Determination: Carriers use freight class, along with distance, weight, and other factors, to calculate shipping rates. A higher class generally means a higher shipping cost per pound.
Standardization: It provides a standardized way for carriers to price shipments and for shippers to understand those prices, regardless of the carrier.
Efficiency: Proper classification helps carriers optimize their loads and ensures fair pricing based on the resources required to transport different types of goods.
How is Freight Class Determined?
While density is the primary factor, four transportation characteristics are considered:
Density: This is the most significant factor. It's calculated by dividing the item's weight (in pounds) by its volume (in cubic feet). Denser items (more weight in less space) typically receive a lower freight class.
Stowability: How easily can the item be loaded and transported with other freight? Items that are hazardous, excessively long, or oddly shaped may be difficult to stow, leading to a higher class.
Handling: Does the item require special care or equipment to load and unload? Fragile items, those requiring specific lifting equipment, or items that are difficult to handle can result in a higher class.
Liability: What is the likelihood of theft, damage, or spoilage? Items that are high-value, perishable, or prone to damage may have a higher liability, leading to a higher class.
Our calculator focuses on density, which is the most common and quantifiable factor for initial estimation. Always verify the final freight class with your carrier or a freight professional.
Example Calculation
Let's say you have a palletized shipment with the following characteristics: