Quadratic Formula Solver
Understanding the Quadratic Formula and Its Solver
The quadratic formula is a fundamental tool in algebra used to solve quadratic equations, which are polynomial equations of the second degree. A standard quadratic equation is expressed in the form:
ax² + bx + c = 0
where 'a', 'b', and 'c' are coefficients, and 'x' represents the unknown variable. The coefficient 'a' cannot be zero, as that would reduce the equation to a linear one.
What is the Quadratic Formula?
The quadratic formula provides the values of 'x' that satisfy the equation. It is given by:
x = [-b ± sqrt(b² - 4ac)] / 2a
This formula allows you to find the roots (or solutions) of any quadratic equation, regardless of whether they are real or complex numbers.
Components of the Formula
- a, b, c: These are the numerical coefficients of the quadratic equation. 'a' is the coefficient of x², 'b' is the coefficient of x, and 'c' is the constant term.
- Discriminant (b² – 4ac): The term inside the square root is called the discriminant, often denoted by the Greek letter Delta (Δ). Its value determines the nature of the roots:
- If
Δ > 0: There are two distinct real roots. - If
Δ = 0: There is exactly one real root (sometimes called a repeated root or two identical real roots). - If
Δ < 0: There are two complex conjugate roots.
- If
How to Use the Quadratic Formula Solver
Our Quadratic Formula Solver simplifies the process of finding the roots of any quadratic equation. Follow these steps:
- Identify Coefficients: Look at your quadratic equation and identify the values for 'a', 'b', and 'c'. For example, in the equation
2x² + 5x - 3 = 0, 'a' would be 2, 'b' would be 5, and 'c' would be -3. - Enter Values: Input these numerical values into the respective fields for 'Coefficient 'a", 'Coefficient 'b", and 'Coefficient 'c" in the calculator above.
- Calculate: Click the "Calculate Roots" button.
- View Results: The calculator will instantly display the roots of your equation, indicating whether they are real or complex.
Examples of Quadratic Equations and Their Solutions
Example 1: Two Distinct Real Roots
Consider the equation: x² - 3x + 2 = 0
- a = 1
- b = -3
- c = 2
Using the calculator with these values, the discriminant (b² – 4ac) would be (-3)² – 4(1)(2) = 9 – 8 = 1. Since 1 > 0, there are two distinct real roots.
The calculator would output:
x₁ = 2.0000
x₂ = 1.0000
Example 2: One Real Root (Repeated)
Consider the equation: x² - 4x + 4 = 0
- a = 1
- b = -4
- c = 4
Here, the discriminant (b² – 4ac) is (-4)² – 4(1)(4) = 16 – 16 = 0. Since the discriminant is 0, there is one real root.
The calculator would output:
x = 2.0000
Example 3: Two Complex Roots
Consider the equation: x² + 2x + 5 = 0
- a = 1
- b = 2
- c = 5
In this case, the discriminant (b² – 4ac) is (2)² – 4(1)(5) = 4 – 20 = -16. Since -16 < 0, there are two complex roots.
The calculator would output:
x₁ = -1.0000 + 2.0000i
x₂ = -1.0000 – 2.0000i
This calculator is an invaluable tool for students, educators, and professionals who frequently encounter quadratic equations in mathematics, physics, engineering, and other scientific fields.